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The Amman Citadel (Jabal al-Qal'a) is a historic site atop one of Amman's seven hills, encompassing ruins from multiple civilizations dating back to the Bronze Age, Assyrian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Umayyad periods. Its most impressive monument is the Umayyad Palace complex from the early 8th century AD, while the Temple of Hercules — represented by a massive hand — dates from the Roman period. The citadel's panoramic views over modern Amman and the Roman Theatre below are outstanding.

Roman theaters are remarkable ancient performance venues built throughout the Roman Empire, designed with semicircular seating arrangements (cavea) cut into hillsides for optimal acoustics. Many Roman theaters have survived remarkably intact across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East—from the Theater of Herodes Atticus in Athens to the Roman Theater of Orange in France. These sites continue to host cultural performances, connecting modern audiences to their ancient heritage.